Keeping The Momentum: Bahrain's Key Players On What It'll Take To Invigorate The Startup SceneOn the sidelines of Unbound Bahrain, key players in Bahrain's ecosystem have their say.

Held in early March of this year,Unbound Bahrain, the first of the global conference series to be hosted in the region, organized byBahrain Economic Development Board(EDB) and supported by年代tartup Bahrain,接二连三的1500多名参与者d over 50 startups in the region heralding for discussions, startup competitions and hackathons to stir up Bahrain (and the MENA's) ecosystem. Though it bears similarities with its neighboring Gulf countries, it's unjust to generalize the whole region as one when each market and nation differs, and, as Bahrain does, rises on its own merit.

One such example is the country's fintech scene- in 2017, the Central Bank of Bahrain (CBB) announced new regulations for aregulatory sandbox to allow fintech startupsto test and experiment their concepts, providing opportunities for fintech ideas globally to establish themselves and grow in Bahrain and the Gulf. According to Khalid Saad, CEO ofBahrain FinTech Bay(BFB), this move sends a message that the country is open to tech innovations. It goes in line with the role of BFB acting as a platform for the fintech scene, which was launched by a plethora of 30 founding partners, including Arab Financial Services, American Express, Cisco, National Bank of Bahrain, Gulf International Bank, and more, in February this year, as a dedicated fintech hub consisting of a co-working space and network.

Another win is the launch of Amazon Web Services (AWS) in Bahrain, an indication of the country's ICT market growth rate. John Kilmartin, Executive Director of ICT at EDB, stressed its cost saving impact for SMEs ascloud tech would minimize the need for expensive data center infrastructure. The government has also implemented a Cloud First Policy to encourage government entities and businesses to utilize cloud services for tech solutions.

Areije Al Shakar, Senior VP and Head of Development Services Division, BDB

A factor in the growing startup ecosystem is thechanging mindset around the culture of entrepreneurship. Abdulaziz F. Aljouf, founder and CEO of PayTabs, whichraised US$20 million in fundinglast year, says that nine years ago, everyone was after a government job: "There wasn't even a word for [being an entrepreneur], we say we work for ourselves, we're self-employed," and often facing pessimistic feedback, whereas to the encouraging tone people now take when someone is keen to start a business.

Areije Al Shakar, Senior VP and Head of Development Services Division at BDB, whose department supports entrepreneurs to request or raise loans, and she also heads theRowad Programplatform which assists startups as early as idea stage through training, coaching, mentorship, incubation and funding, recalls the earlier days of trying to instill awareness. Now in her eighth year in her role, Al Shakar praises the amount of choices entrepreneurs have and their progress: Rowad has had more than 1,700 individual ideas that have gone through the program since it launched in 2015.

他们也开始种子燃料计划provides equity financing to innovative ideas of up to BHD25,000 (equivalent to US$67,000), and a subsidiary called theBahrain Business Incubator Center(BBIC), with various incubators under it, including women-focused incubator Riyadat (in partnership with the BDB, Supreme Council for Women, and BBIC), plus various entrepreneur-focused community events. Al Shakar claims that the change in mindset has become a natural choice as the global economy changes- commending Bahrain's progress as it stems from a grassroots level of starting withraising awareness in schools. To give an example, Al Shakar explains how back then, if you were in school and wanted to start a business, it might have been confusing, but now, there's a range of choices to make- from accelerators, to hackathons and gaming challenges. "As the ecosystem changes, all the elements also change, [so we] make sure we are also in sync and in line with the startups," says Al Shakar.

Khaled Saad, CEO, Bahrain FinTech Bay

This has also been a focus forUNIDO-ITPO Bahrain, according to Afif Barhoumi, Program Coordinator, Arab International Center for Entrepreneurship and Investment. Their entrepreneurship program originally started in Bahrain in 1999 and is now implemented in 52 countries, and Barhoumi stresses how they worked towards altering the attitude towards entrepreneurship among Arab nations and families. Particularly, they implemented programs in schools (and in Bahrain since 2005) toencourage the minds of young enterprising innovators, hosting programming competitions and events to foster entrepreneurial aspirations.

However, perhaps unsurprisingly, funding remains a constant issue. Esam Hammad, Acting Executive Director of Customer Engagement atTamkeen, whose department manages partnerships with local and international entities in the business community, says that part of their business support iseasing the access to financingfor SMEs in Bahrain. Hammad addresses the barriers early-stage startups face in acquiring commercial loans due to the risk factor of such enterprises. He explains Tamkeen's financing program which has "subsidized the interest on behalf of the startup, so they end up paying a lower interest on the loan and guarantee part of that loan. We give 50% of the collateral against the loan to the bank."

This has proved to be a success as due to the finance scheme, their portfolio has been able to reach around $1 billion in the last 10 years. As for startups' issues with funding, Al Shakar advises that a common mistake of young startups is notmanaging cash properly影响资金收到资金后,affecting a startup's burn out rate. "You need to know when to ask the right amount of cash that you actually need within your first year before you burn out, and before you burn out, you need to be ready with raising other rounds of funding."

Hasan Haider, Partner, 500 Startups

Hasan Haider, Partner at 500 Startups, adds that new "treps should be mindful of wasting money, and not putting the right resources in the right place. From a startup founder's perspective, Aljouf, who's already had nine companies, advises, "You need to talk in the way that investors would understand you," meaning that they need to see your startup's growth and market viability.

It's worthy to note Bahrain's inclusiveness, not only to Bahrain-based startups, but also entrepreneurs who wish to have access to Bahrain's market, whether through expanding orstarting a new enterprise in the country. Indeed, Saad asserts that as part of FinTech Bay's mandate to push the industry ahead, besides Bahrain-based enterprises, they're open to startups who want to launch in Bahrain or expand to Bahrain, whether they're from the region or internationally.

This also echoes the inclusiveness of Rowad Program, which Al Shakar says, as an online platform opens its resources to anyone. Haider says that besides the relatively low cost of operating a business in the Kingdom (compared to its GCC counterparts), Bahrain offers 100% foreign ownership, all the while acting as an interestingbridge to the Saudi Arabia market- a striking attractive opportunity for would-be entrepreneurs.

Esam Hammad, Acting Executive Director of the Customer Engagement, Tamkeen

As for the various challenges bubbling up in the scene, there are diverse opinions. For Saad, the biggest factor ingrowing the fintech sceneis an opportunity and also a challenge- and that is, education and building awareness. With fintech innovations growing at a rate, and different institutions being open to supporting fintech startups at various stages, Saad says, the question becomes how they can further enable this growth, which is where education and awareness becomes a critical issue.

He points out the importance of "building Bahrain's image as [SME] friendly and welcoming with a proper ecosystem" on a local, regional, and international front. For Al Shakar, as with any other ecosystem, the hurdle is "keeping the momentum going," and emphasizes that the solution is the ongoing collaboration of all the parties, from the government, to the private sector and startup community.

Hammad adds that the relatively small market size, while an issue, makes Bahrain well-positioned to be alocal hub for companiesthat want to attract the region at large. He also adds that there's still a lack of expertise in certain areas, particularly technical areas, which they at Tamkeen, are trying to address by supporting companies, which have established in the country, to train Bahrainis too. Barhoumi notes this as an advantage, as with Bahrain's small market and a mixture of various cultures, it serves as a good testing ground, and in fact, they test and implement programs in the country first, before sending it to other offices.

John Kilmartin, Executive Director of ICT, EDB

As for legal issues, Haider brings up the need for convertible notes to be better understood by the ecosystem, as well as thechallenges of VCsin protecting themselves in Bahrain and wider region. Haider points out how startups can't implement employee share options, and because of that gap, whenever a MENA startup exits, there's a lack of second or third-tier team members becoming active angel investors themselves, except for the founders, as the equity is still concentrated.

With the tech industry's growth, Hadyah Fathalla, Executive Director of Bahrain atC5 Accelerate, says that there remains a skills gap, with not enough supply on the island and the region to meet that demand. This presents an opportunity for universities to re-adjust their educational curricula, and create opportunities around partnering with accelerators and innovators, which Fathalla says is one of C5's focus, along with creating a women-focused initiative around coding opportunities.

And with that increase in tech innovation, the risk around cybersecurity rises too, says Fathalla, which is why her team has built a cyber security lab, and the Cloud10 Scalerator program to encourage enterprises within the space. C5 Accelerate has also been active inencouraging young womenthrough its Nurturing Nebula program for women to make use of co-working spaces, as well as access mentorship.

Hadyah Fathalla, Executive Director of Bahrain, C5 Accelerate

But how can this nation really go forward? With conversations around building up the ecosystem, what are the actionable ways that can get it one step closer to a more sustainable ecosystem? Besides making regulations easier for companies to be set up, Saad says it's also a matter of "getting the right culture," wherein progress needs to come from both the top and bottom up, meeting somewhere in the middle. "What we need is, more firms to start embracing this, not as a "nice to have', but this is a "must have', and we need to go down this path to sustain ourselves and deliver better value."

As a semi-government entity, Hammad says that while many say Tamkeen's role is to stand back as enterprises grow, he reiterates "what we're trying to do is to spark this movement, to give room, to make sure we have the right policies and regulation, [and] to allow innovators to reach their potential faster and easier without any barriers."

He also stresses on the significance of mentorship access for startups to help them in guiding and adapting their innovations to the local market. Wafa Al Obaidat, Creative Director ofObai & Hill, emphasizes on the need for a platform toconnect entrepreneurs with mentors, as well as specific programs for women to scale companies. Taking a look at the academia surrounding Silicon Valley, Fathalla says, "If these big companies partner with different universities to create industry innovation, I think you'll see an ecosystem that's thriving."

Abdulaziz F. Aljouf, founder and CEO, PayTabs

Though Bahrain's funding scene is bolstered by the government and private sector, Hammad, Kilmartin, and Al Shakar all agree that there's still more room to grow for moreangel investors, VCs, and particularly, an active angel network in the country. With the recently launched $100 million fund of funds for VC, Haider is optimistic about Bahrain's prospects, and says that the country's history of financial industries -from private equity to banking sector- could have a lot of positive impact in bringing that talent to the VC capital space.

On the works is also a revision of the bankruptcy law to enable early startups with leeway for risk. Barhoumi says they're working with Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) and World Angel Business Forum to develop a network for Islamic angel investors, as the opportunity forIslamic sharia financingrises.

If there's one remarkable aspect to note, it's the amount of collaboration within various entities and key players who are working towards building a sustainable and opportunity-filled ecosystem in Bahrain. From the government, to the private sector and the startup community, on more than one instances have the different establishments mentioned one another as partners in each other's initiative. Lana Al Attar, founder and CEO ofGud Jujuand GDG Manama, comments on the vast opportunities available to startups, it's just "patching the information together" of available support and funding.

Wafa Al Obaidat, Creative Director, Obai & Hill

It stretches to the investor's community side too, with Al Shakar commenting on how its investor community is now growing, with an example of how BDB worked with EDB to build an investor platform (which now has over 200 investors) to empower "treps and encourage investors (particularly angel investors) to understandrisk asset class investmentssuch as startups. She commends that, as a relatively small country, Bahrain's startup scene is a lot nimbler, "Everybody knows each other, and we're very well easily connected."

Commenting on the conference, Kilmartin asserts that it brings to light one of the traits of the Kingdom's ecosystem, "If you look around here, you're not coming to meet Bahrain startups, you can meet startups across the region. You're not just coming to Bahrain to meet investors, you can meet investors across the region, and vice versa. Bahrain can bring people [together] across the region. We want to build on that."

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'Trep Talk: Bahrain's Entrepreneurs Speak Out

Abdulaziz F. Aljouf Founder and CEO, PayTabs"There's still a need to educate entrepreneurs, especially on the right way to pitch to investors," says Aljouf, giving an example of how BDB and EDB have launched events to connect startups with investors from non-tech industries such as oil and gas. "There's really no manual, you need to learn what not to do," on the need for patience, passion, and willingness to admit andlearn from mistakes. "Do mistakes, fine, but quit fast. Ask yourself, is this business model really going to work? I ask myself every day, what problem am I going to have that might shut me down?"

Khalifa Almannai Managing Director, Mannai Tech

Khalifa Almannai Managing Director, Mannai Tech"Now, there are lots of opportunities from grants, exposure, to being part of conferences. People think they don't have what it takes, and this creates an issue. If youbelieve strongly in your idea, regardless of how much you explain it, no one can build what's in your head but yourself. They will never be able to create your model no matter how hard you try- I think this is an obstacle that we still need to challenge. People need to take advantage and put themselves out there and see things through even if it doesn't work to their advantage."

Lana Al Attar Founder and CEO, Gud Juju"With the ecosystem here, you hit the ground running. It's open to anyone who has a license in Bahrain, so even if it's a foreign company that starts their business in Bahrain, they can avail of the same benefits. And you know what, it really brings us together."

Lana Al Attar, founder and CEO, Gud Juju

Mohammed Toraif Founder and CEO, fish.me"Having [conversations and] lots of events that [discuss] failure- how to overcome them andlearn from mistakeswill be good for the community. There is a night called "Failure Night' that happens once or twice a year, which is a good idea, and something very beneficial that happens in the ecosystem."

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